How to Write a Humorous Essay Step by Step

Humor is what can save even the worst writing if it’s acceptable. Starting an essay with a hook sentence like a joke or anecdote may grab the reader’s attention from the first line. Still, one should be careful when using humor in essays unless the goal is to write a humorous essay. This article explains what this type of writing is as well as how to write such paper step-by-step. What is a Humorous Essay? Let’s start with a humorous essay definition. A humorous essay is a type of writing an assignment that aims to reveal a writer’s sense of humor and make the audience sympathize him or her with the help of jokes, anecdotes, and other techniques used to make people laugh. Usually, it belongs to narrative writing. The primary goal if this essay is to amuse the audience instead of informing or convincing them. It is possible to get some inspiration from various popular sources if you cannot come up with own ideas: TV Magazines newspapers Books Worldwide web Radio Individuals Probably the most wholesome sources would be playful essays written by famous authors. If you would like to put a smile on your reader’s face, keep on reading how to write an essay focused on humorous sides of various topics. How to Write a Humorous Essay: Qualities of a Good Paper It is time to get your thinking cap on! To come up with a quality humorous paper, a writer should possess certain skills (the ability to present clear, credible, interesting information with a sober sense of humor to the target audience). Choosing topics to write about is a must as teachers typically do not assign specific topics for these tasks leaving all the creative aspects to their students. The features of a good humorous essay resemble the qualities of any great essay with a single addition: Logical Engaging Coherent Concise Comprehensible Funny Make sure your final paper adheres to these features. As to the topic, it is half the battle if you choose the right one! It’s apparent that a student should not select sensitive issues like suicide or gender inequality to make fun of it – it will have the opposite effect. Avoid topics that you do not completely understand as you may fail miserably trying to joke about serious things that you simply get wrong. Try to select issues that people are concerned about to make them interested. Showing the funny sides of political debates may be a good idea, but watch out – do not go over the top with your witty comments. Humorous Essay Structure and Writing Tips A humorous paper has a structure similar to any other essay. You should divide the entire piece into the beginning, body, and concluding paragraphs. Your reader should be able to follow the train of thought, so do not overwhelm your paper with jokes alone. Some smart points that make sense should present as well. In general, your outline should look this way: Introduction (starting with a joke is a great idea) Background information (what makes the topic funny) Thesis statement (the central argument of your work) Body Body paragraph #1 (argument, supporting evidence, and transition words) Body paragraph #2 (argument, supporting evidence, and transition words) Body paragraph #3 (argument, supporting evidence, and transition words) Concluding paragraph Restated thesis Summary of the topic sentences (the first sentences of each body paragraph) Final joke or anecdote List of references The writer should format an essay based on the chosen style! No matter which paragraph you write, your humor must be genuine and sincere. Otherwise, your writing will not appeal to anyone’s heart. Let your jokes be natural and lighthearted. A nice idea would be to play with contrast, but do it only if you understand how. If you manage to contrast funny with mundane, you will succeed with your paper for sure. Just as bittersweet taste in food, the mixed moods in essays attract more attention than those written in a single tone. It is easier to spark laughter by including some contrasting moments in your paper. Where to Get Urgent Help with Academic Writing? Do not pay much attention to personal humor – take it easy! You can hire a professional team of writers from our academic service to share their humor with you. They will write the funniest essay ever if you want to make your audience laugh out loud. Try our services now – place an order on our website!

Does the Poetry of the First World War reflect the changing attitudes to War Essays

Does the Poetry of the First World War reflect the changing attitudes to War Essays Does the Poetry of the First World War reflect the changing attitudes to War Paper Does the Poetry of the First World War reflect the changing attitudes to War Paper Essay Topic: Jessie Pope War Poetry Poetry Poems in the early part of the First World War were pro war which means that they were saying that the war was good fun with women and uniforms. The main aims of the poems were to get men to join the army and fight the Germans. After two years of the war in July 1916 the battle of the Somme took place, 60,000 English soldiers died each day. Anti war poems started to be written about how bad war really was, but these poems were hardly ever published in newspapers or magazines, as they still wanted men to join up to fight. The two pro war poems that I have chosen are Fall In by Harold Begbie and Whos for the Game by Jessie Pope. The Recruiting poems of 1914 were required because, unlike most European countries, we did not have conscription and therefore did not have a large army. They saw the war was going to be long and hard and recruiting poems and posters made people volunteer for the army until conscription was introduced in 1916. Fall In by Harold Begbie does exactly what it is meant to do. It makes people feel ashamed about not going and fighting for your country. The title Fall In is like a command, which they use in the army saying you must fall in, group together and fight. It also has another meaning say you are going to fall in to the army. You do not have a choice but you will fall in. Begbie says: What will you lack, sonny, what will you lack. When the girls line up on the street, shouting their love to the lads come back These are the first three lines and are saying that when the other men who joined up for the army come back, you will be left on your own with all the girls wanting the army men. And grin till your cheeks are red? Here the man Begbie is talking about his embarrassment about not being in the war and his face is going red. When your children yet to be clamour to learn of the part you played Begbie is saying that if you have children who are yet to be born and they want to know about what you did in the war, what will you do when you cannot answer them? You will miss out on your children looking up to you; this is what Begbie is saying. When you sit by the fire in an old mans chair and your neighbours talk of the fight Again Begbie is telling you when your friends will talk about the war for years to come they will not respect you when you answer that you did not go. Begbie is saying that you will miss the respect from friends. Your head shamed and bent? Or say I was not the first to go. But I went, thank God, I went Begbie is saying this to make people who have not gone to war yet feel that it does not matter that you have not gone yet, but there is still time to join to get all the things I just said you will miss. In the last stanza Begbie is saying if you do not join up and the war was lost it will be your fault that we lost. Begbie is trying to make the shirkers feel ashamed for not volunteering by telling them of the things they will miss out on. Things like, the women when you return from war, by your children looking up to you and the respect of your friends and neighbours when they talk about the war in years to come. Then towards the end of the poem he says that you can join up now, you were not the first to go but you went. The second pro war poem I will look at is Whos for the Game? by Jessie Pope. The great soldier poet, Wilfred Owen, particularly detested her. In this poem she tries to make war sound like a game. The poem is based on the game rugby. Pope says: Whos for the game, the biggest thats played? She is saying who wants to join the army, come on, its just a game come and play. Who would much rather come back with a crutch, Than lie low and be out of the fun? Pope is saying that it is better if you go to war and get injured than just having to lie low, rather than people talking about you not going to war and missing out on all the fun of war. Throughout the poem Jessie Pope uses slang, sit tight and up to her neck. She does this because it will be young men joining the army and they do not want to be sitting in the pub reading a formal poem, which they will not understand and just read the first line and put it down. They want to read in the way most of these men would talk. Rupert Brooke was a highly popular pro war poet. He was unaware of the conditions in the trenches which motivated by poets such as Wilfred Owen, Isaac Rosenberg and Siegfried Sesson on the front line. The two anti war poems I have chosen are Dulce et Decorum Est and Disabled. I felt that of the poems that I was given to choose from, these two told a tragic story of what war was really like. Wilfred Owen at the time seemed to be bitter. His reason for being bitter is that he read the pro war poetry by writers such as Jessie Pope, who was writing about the joys of war, how fun it was and how the ladies will love you. I have chosen Dulce Est because the poem describes the hardships for a group of soldiers who have to struggle through the life of war in the trenches. I have chosen Disabled because it shows the struggle of one man who has lost his legs and his arms at the elbow. All he has are the memories and they seem to become more distant as the days go on. Dulce et Decorum Est Pro Patri Moria translated into English means It Is Sweet And Honourable To Die For Ones Country. If someone is reading the poem for the first time and learns of the English meaning of the title before reading the poem they may feel it is a poem that makes you think of the army in a good way. After reading the poem a number of times I have come to a conclusion that Owen named the poem this because of the strong statement that he makes in the poem. In a way I get the feeling that Owen was mocking the saying but I dont think he was mocking the army as a whole. The first stanza is not like how a pro war poem starts they are not all having a laugh wearing nice uniform, being cheered at by the ladies, they are staggering through mud, tired bleeding, and this is was Owen wanted you to think what war was really like. Owen says Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, Knock-kneed, coughing like hags Own is trying to say that these men came into the army as fit young men and now war has turned them into old hags, bent over and staggering. Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs The soldiers are fed up. They are so tired that even when the flares go off behind them they dont have the energy or even feel like turning around to see them. And towards our distant rest The reader and the men are lured into a false sense of security as we think they are safe from bombs. Blood shod Owen says this because they have been walking for a long time and is like they are wearing shoes of blood but what he is really saying is they have been treated like animals because Horses hoofs are shod. The men have been treated in an inhumane way, like they are worthless. Drunk with fatigue Owen is saying that the soldiers are so tired that it is as though they are drunk. Owen is trying too saying that the soldiers are as though they dont know entirely what they are doing. They are just being led along like zombies. Of tired, outstripped Five-Nines that dropped behind them Fine-Nines are gas bombs that the Germans used in the war. Owen is saying that the men are so tired that they are just blanking out the sounds of these gas bombs, as they are behind the lines and think they are not in range. The bombs are personified as is they are moving slowly and are weary. The pace of the poem quickens in the 2nd stanza. The soldiers are woken by a gas attack. This effectively shatters the mood that Owen has told of us in the opening stanza. The soldiers are now woken by the fact that their lives are in danger and they now have to be fully aware of all their surroundings. Owen says Gas! GAS! Quick boys! The men have just woken up they are still half-asleep the first sign of Gas is in lower case as they have just seen what going on. The second GAS is the man shouting for their lives as they try to find their gas masks. Dim through the misty panes and thick green light, as under a green sea, I saw him drowning The green light Owen talks about is the gas falling down on them. Owen uses a simile saying that the man is drowning in a green sea, which he means by the colour of the gas looking like the sea. The reality is that the man is drowning, when a gas attack takes place, the lungs fill up with fluid and drown on your own bodily fluids. The ecstasy of fumbling Owen does not mean that there is an adrenaline rush. But medically it means a morbid state of nerves, which means that your nerves are making you think of one thing to do, which in this case, is to put your gas masks on. Fitting the clumsy helmets Owen is either saying that the men are clumsy in putting the helmets on or the helmets clumsy by letting the gas in. Owen tells us how this memory has stayed with him. The sight of a dying man lunging at him in a plea for his life. In the short 3rd stanza, Owen seems to have a great fear of the gas attacks when he talks of them. Owen talks of all of the nightmares he has had because of the war and this event. Owen says In all my dreams before my helpless sight Owen is dreaming about that man, which was dying before him Owen dreams about it because there was no way in which he could help him. The 4th stanza is back to the slow pace of the 1st stanza. In this stanza Owen is accusing the pro war poets of doing this, making young men to join the army and just to go to their deaths. He was addressing mainly Jessie Pope because on the original draft he writes under the title, To Jessie Pope He describes how the man was taken away and then Owen walked behind and saw his face. Owen is still haunted by the nightmare. If in some smothering dream Owen describes his dreams as smothering because when he sleeps that is all he can think of the man dying. We flung him in The dead bodies are treated like meat there are so many deaths it becomes like a routine thing. In the first stanza he say blood shod like animals are shod once again here is another reference to them being treated like animals. My friend, you would not tell with such high zest to children or ardent for some desperate glory. Owen is saying that if you could see the things he had seen then you would not believe the lies that the pro war poets tell you. By saying this he is expressing the bitterness he has not only for the army but the situation as a whole. Owen adds more examples of this throughout the last stanza. Owens main question to the reader in the last stanza is before going into the army think carefully of what you are doing as you might get and see something in great contrast to what you may have imagined. The poem is describing a terrible shocking death by gas, how can it be sweet and honourable to die for ones country if you die like this. This is the country that sold him the old lie. Dulce ET decorum est. pro patria moria. In Disabled Owen is describing a man who has no legs and his arms have been amputated at the elbow. He is in an institute, a nursing home of some sought. This poem is an angry response to the type of patriotic poetry with made light of disability and which glorified death. Instead of writing and millions of dead or injured, he focuses on one person. Disability is not on the battlefield with bombs going off and people being blown up, it is at home, after the war, after the glory of winning. People will only think about the men who died in the war, not the people how have been, dehumanised and will have to sit in some home for the rest of the their lives. This is why the poem comes across as so shocking because in the days of the war people didnt know about the disabled people just about the people who died. Till gathering sleep The man is waiting for the night to come for him to sleep, as he hates to die, as he cannot do anything. I think the man sees sleeping as an alternative to death and he wants to end his life. Owen tell us about how he used to be, before he became injured, he used to like going out to have fun on the town at night, but now he just wants to go to bed and forget about the memories At the start of the 4th stanza it says, One time hed liked a blood-smear down his leg, This is ironic as he liked getting injured and bleeding and it is as if he enjoyed it now it has got it a millions time worse. It was after football, when hed drunk a peg. Hes thought hed better join He had drunk a peg of beer so he was probably not in the right frame of mind when he decided to join the army. It also says Someone had said hed look a god in kilts, Thats why; and may be, too, to please his Meg He is saying that he joined the army because he would look good in a uniform. I many of the pro war poems say that is one of the good things about war the uniform. He also joined because of a girl called Meg, who he was trying to impress, which it also says in pro war poems that when you join the army you get all the women wanting to be with you. The young man had lied to get in to the army Smiling they wroth his lie; aged nineteen years The men who were recruiting even knew that he was lying but they still wrote his name down. Germans he scarcely thought of he join the war note knowing about what was going on he had never thought about the Germans before. He talks about the evenings. He says that at this time the towns atmosphere was fun and happy everyone is dancing having fun. Owen makes the town sound romantic so that would feel for the man more. He says the girls look upon like he has some kind of disease. He talks of how he will never again feel the waist of a woman. He also talks about how he threw away his knees in the war. His was once a lovely face which now he looks old. His back is now in a brace and this was the back that was not so long ago was a strong as anything. He has lost his colour just like losing blood. He feels as though he has poured his life away down endless shell holes; he wonders what he has been given for this. Nothing. And leap of purple spurted from his thigh. Owen says And no fears of fear have come yet He had thoughts of all the swords and other weaponry that he would receive in the army. He had great thoughts of wearing the smart uniform. He thought that playing football was great, the buzz he got from the cheering. People thought of him as hero. He thought that people would cheer for him in the army; he wanted to be a hero in the army. He thinks of the army spirit, the pride in his unit. He tells about how he was given cheers and the noise of the drums as he leaves. He is so very optimistic. When he is brought back the cheers were not like the ones before the cheers are in contrast to what he imagined. This is ironic to him. Only a few people cheered when he came back only one man inquired this man was the priest. He will spend the next few years doing as the rules say. People will just take pity on him. He talks of how the women ignore him for the strong people. People with all their body. His final thoughts of the poem are one of total depression. He thinks that life is pointless. He is so helpless he cant go to bed without someone being there to help him. He feels as though he only has a few years left. He wants to be put to death as he feels like he has nothing to offer or that his life tolerable and he feels as though nothing that he does or feels will make him feel his life is worth it. As you can see from both poems they are very powerful. Each of the two poems makes a statement. One difference between the poems is that Dulce Est is a view on the army that concerns a whole array of the army. With Disabled it is just a description of the pain of one person. One thing that I feel both poems have in common is that they both talk about how they were lied to and how they were sold a lie. This is true, If a person wanted an example of army life at its worst then I would show them Dulce ET Decorum. However if I was asked about a poem that describes a poem where a person can see how the war affected people. II would recommend the latter Disabled is in my opinion the most moving of the stories as it represents a mans struggle for his life. This man can offer nothing to his country now. He cant even offer himself something that he feels will make his staying alive worth it. Whilst the majority of the people in Dulce Et are still alive this mans soul, has in effect died. He has lost his colour and cant get used to the fact that he is unpopular. I find Dulce Et Decorum to be the more shocking of the two poems. My reasons are as follows, although Disabled is a very moving and powerful poem in its own right, it only describes the view of one person in the army. I think that what makes Dulce Et so powerful is that Owen speaks for the masses in the army when he talks of the daily horrifying sights and regular attempts by the Germans to gas them. Reading these poems can enlighten a person. Many people say that they live stressful lives and are under extreme pressure. If you think of what these young men must have gone through it can put a lot of things in to perspective. Day in day out these men had to have the weight of a nation on their shoulders this is before they have to dodge land mines and gas attacks.

Usual arrangement of chairs in a college classroom Essay

Usual arrangement of chairs in a college classroom - Essay Example The problem with the classrooms today is that the schools and universities tend to overcrowd them, thus destroying the effectiveness of the seating arrangement in class. Although the U-shaped form of arranging desks helps ease the problem of whether the student can hear the professor or not, it does not solve the problem of whether the professor can effectively see his students when one raises his hand to pose a question or clarification on a topic being discussed. That has been a problem that I have struggled with ever since I got to college. My learning is hindered by the arrangement of the seats and the fact that the arrangement is meant to pack in as many students as possible within a class. Interaction among students? That isnt necessary in a classroom setting where the main focus should be on the teachers lecture and not what is happening at the next desk. That can be saved for group study hour. What I am trying to say is this. I believe that effective learning fully depends upon how much of the class lecture a student can hear, absorb, and a take note of. The most effective learning tool for a student is being in a position within the classroom to ask questions of his professor. But that will not happen when the desks are disorganized in the classroom. So Mr Stone is right, the arrangement of the chairs within a meeting can actually dictate the successful outcome of a gathering. If a student has a comfortable desk set within a good enough distance from which to see, hear, and question the professor, and an attentive professor to boot, then a student will be in the finest form possible to learn as much as he can within the

Gharar in Islamic Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gharar in Islamic Law - Assignment Example Finally, even if the relevant agreements amounted to agreements to pay Riba, the principal sums advanced could validly be claimed (Usmani, 2001). Hence, Murabaha Agreements should be in accordance with Islamic law, all that is required is certification by Islamic Bank’s Religious Supervisory Board and the principal amounts are dispensed in accordance with the terms of Murabaha Agreements (Usmani, 2001). The Gharar contains uncertainty in a contract or sale where the goods may or may not be available (the bird in the air or the fish in the water). It shows ambiguity in the consideration or terms of a contract. As such the contract would not be void. An example tainted with Gharar is an agreement to sell goods which have already been sold (Vogel and Samuel, 1998). This paper finds Gharar in depth in three contracts. The three contracts that I have analyzed in this paper are about car, property and stocks. The Bank has followed the methods of Islamic banking while still Gharar ca n be found in them. Elements of Riba and Gharar are present in the contractual documents. The transactions if carried out under the mentioned products (cars, stocks and property) require Murabaha Financing. The important ingredients of the Murabaha Financing Agreement are The Preamble: it is an integral part of the agreement; Definitions: incorporation of the terms: a) Account b) Agency Agreement c) Agreement d) Client Financials e) Declaration f) Due dates g) Goods h) Murabaha Account i) Purchase Price j) Security k) Security Deposits; Purchase and Sale Agreement; Mode of Payment; Representation of the Client; Representation of the Institution; General Covenants of the Client; General Covenants of the Institution; Warranties of the Institution; Security; Risk of Loss; Takafol; Damages; Governing Law and Jurisdiction; Set off; Acceleration; General; Execution of document by the Counterparts ( The Institution and The Client); Dated; Witnesses; Schedule of Documents: a) Agency Agreeme nt b) Declaration c) Promissory Note d) Description of Security (Ghafoor, 1995). Murabaha Finance Agreement for Car The first contract is about Murabaha Finance Agreement for car. The contract is about a client bank agreement on buying a car in instalments but there are several conditions for the client, which he has to adhere in order to get the car. A down payment is given after which, monthly instalments are fixed for the customer. As this is a Murabaha contract, therefore it is essential to know about Murabaha. Murabaha is a term in Islamic Fiqh and it refers to a particular kind of sale having nothing to do with financing in its original sense. If a seller agrees with his purchaser to provide him specific commodity on a certain profit added to his cost it is considered Murabaha transaction. The basic ingredient of Murabaha is that the seller discloses the actual cost he or she has incurred in acquiring the commodity and then adds some profit thereon. This profit may be lump sum or may be in fraction (Al-Qardawi, 2001). In conventional financing, the financier lends money to the client on interest. After giving the interest bearing loan, the financier has nothing to do with its usage. In the case of Murabahah no money is advanced by the financier. Instead the

The concept of hell makes no sense discuss Essay Example for Free

The concept of hell makes no sense discuss Essay Hell is said to be a wicked place of suffering and a place where unrighteous souls are punished. In the Christian Bible Hell is described as a place of fire and brimstone. As the weeds are pulled up and burned in the fire, so it will be at the end of the age. The son of man will send out his angels, and they will weed out of his kingdom everything that causes sin and all who do evil. They will throw them into the fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth, (Matthew 13:40-42, quoting Jesus). This passage describes how evil people who act unmorally and sinful will be picked out and discarded into the fiery depths of Hell. Most modern Christians would see Hell as the eternal punishment for unrepentant sinners, as well as for the Devil and his demons. Fundamentalists believe that evil doers and non-religious people would go straight to Hell. Most modern Christians would believe that Hell is a spiritual notion of physical suffering or material fire. They believe many biblical images of Hell are non-literal and Hel is more a state of separation from God. Although not all Christians would agree with this modern view. Fundamentalists believe the Bible to speak the absolute truth and take the descriptions and images of Hell told in the Bible as the truth. Therefore they would believe all non God believers would go straight to Hell and anybody who isnt a believer would not be saved, as Jesus stated in Johns gospel, I am the way the truth and the life, no man cometh unto the father, but by me. (John 14:6). This would mean a relatively small number of the population are to be saved. Exclusivist Christians follow a similar view to fundamentalists although exclusivist Christians are much stricter in there views. They believe anyone who doesnt follow the Bible would be sent to Hell. Therefore everyone who isnt Christian and also some Christians who take the modern view of the Bible. This would mean an even smaller population would be saved. Various interpretations of the torments of Hell exist, ranging from fiery pits of wailing sinners to lonely isolation from Gods presence. In Islam Muslims believe in Jahannom (resembles the versions of Hell in Christianity). In there holy book the Quran there are descriptions of a fiery Hell, and in contrast a garden like paradise which resembles Heaven. Another religion which has a different view of Hell and Heaven in Hinduism. In Hinduism there are many contradictions as too whether Hell exists. This is because Hindu philosophy is concentrated on reincarnation, which is the disembodied soul casting out one body and taking on others. The process which decides the nature of this is karma and the deeds that are preformed in this life will influence the next incarnation. Therefore most Hindus believe in Hell being a metaphor for a conscience, although there are versions of Hinduism which do believe in the concept of Hell. They believe people who commit paap (sin) will go to Hell to go through a series of punishments are reborn according to their Karma. Richard Dawkins is a British ethologist, an evolutionary theorist, and an established writer. Dawkins is an Atheist and in his book the God delusion; he attacks religion and the existence of God. Dawkins concentrates on the teaching of Hell in two main religions Christianity and Islam in a television documentary the root of all evil, he likens the teaching of Hell as to child abuse as some churches such as the one he visited in America scared children into believing they would go to hell if they didnt believe in God and follow the bible word for word. He also interviewed an Islamic extremist who explained that the main aim of the terrorist attacks which take place were because young Muslims believe they will die a martyrs death and receive the ultimate prize after death which is to reach paradise and have all there desires and needs met as a reward. Richard Dawkins explains how he believes that this is indoctrination and dangerous for people to believe in. Karl Marx also had a similar view to that of Richard Dawkins. Marx suggested that religion and the idea of Hell was used as a kind of social control over the people to keep them in there place morally. John Hick is a contemporary British philosopher and theologian. Hick is a liberal Christian who is against the concept of Hell. He argues that the idea of Hell is something that Humanity could achieve on earth without the need for a reality in the next world. Hick believed that life is a journey towards death but the journey does not stop there but continues after death as does the divine purpose to make us more perfect. Another argument which is brought about is the conflicting ideas that you could be evil and religious all your life and on your death bed repent and get into heaven, which is unfair when there are non-religious people who live morally good lives and are told they wouldnt get to heaven because they werent religious. Immanuel Kant said there is no justice in this world. Kant said that people desire the Summum Bonum which is to achieve where virtue and happiness could coincide. Therefore God and the afterlife must exist to bring about the Summum Bonum and you need the existence of Hell to bring justice in the universe. In conclusion taking in all these accounts what you personally believe can be dependant on many factors such as, what your parents believed, your family background, where you live for example in Europe there is a higher proportion of Catholicism and Christianity than in the Middle East where Religion such as Islam are practiced. Therefore in answer to the question concepts of Hell make no sense, depending on your faith, the strength of that faith, the beliefs of people around you and where you live your opinions may vary on the idea of Hell.

Development Of Restorative Justice Criminology Essay

Development Of Restorative Justice Criminology Essay Restorative justice can be found throughout the bible. Although, it has been previously said that biblical accounts support the existence of retributive justice, it is not true that restorative justice had no place in the early days. The principle of an eye for an eye appears primarily in the first few books of the bible, collectively called the Torah. However, the emphasis of the sacred scripture is primarily forgiveness, restitution and restoration, which are primordial considerations of restorative justice.  [1]   One such account, supporting the existence of restorative justice, is the story of the tax collector Zaccheus. He was a tax collector, and as such he was abhorred by the people. He had wanted to see Jesus, but he couldnt because he was too short, so he climbed up a tree, and while there was seen and was asked to come down from the tree. He invited Jesus in his house, and when the people saw this, they were astonished and angered as they believed Jesus was going inside a sinners home. To this, Jesus replied: Today  salvation  has come to this house, because this  man  too is a son of Abraham; for the Son of  man  has come to seek out and save what was lost.  [2]   Restorative justice as a principle of imposing penalty has played a secondary role to retribution and deterrence. It wasnt until the fifties did revival of interest in restorative justice occurred. The 1950s: Creative Restitution Dr. Albert Eglash, while working with adults and youths in the criminal justice system, developed creative restitution, upon finding that the current system lacked humanity and effectiveness. Under this new concept, an offender, under appropriate supervision, is helped to find some way to make amends to those he has hurt by his offense, and to walk a second mile by helping other offenders.  [3]   Some principles of restorative justice is imminent in creative restitution such as: reinstating the relations between the wrongdoer and the offended party, offenders admission of guilt and renunciation of retribution. He says that the attributes of creative restitution are: 1. It is any constructive act. 2. It is creative and unlimited 3. It is guided, self-determined behavior. 4. It can have a group basis.  [4]   Because the basic principles of restorative justice is found in creative restitution, Some of the basic tenets of restorative justice can be found in the principles of creative restitution, Eglashs work is considered by many as one of the bases of the restorative justice movement. The 1970s: The Kitchener Experiment In Kitchener, Ontario, Canada, two young men while intoxicated, robbed and vandalised a total of twenty one houses. They were caught and was handed over to a probation officer, who in turn brought them to court and arranged for them to visit the homes which they robbed and vandalised and apologize personally to each and every home owner.  [5]  Thus, the birth of the Victim-Offender Reconciliation Program (VORP). The Canadian experiment was the beginnings of modern use of restorative justice. Victim-Offender Mediation Programs (VOMP), also known as Victim-Offender Reconciliation Programs (VORP), brings offenders and offended parties, opposite each other with a trained mediator, wherein both parties have the opportunity to speak their minds and their feelings to the one who most ought to hear them, contributing to the healing process.  [6]  The offender themselves come into an agreement with the offended party on what will be done to restore the loss.  [7]   The 1980s In the United States, during the eighties, then President Reagan created a task force to investigate the treatment of victims of the criminal justice system. The task force report was filled with criticism of the victims rights programs, singling out the inadequacy of victims compensation programs. Because of this event, the government passed a law providing restitution for crime victims and allowing the use of victim impact statements at federal sentencing hearings, the Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982. According to the Candaian Resource Centere for Victims of crimes, victim impact statements are: A victim impact statement is a written account of the personal harm suffered by a victim of crime. The statement may include a description of the physical, financial and emotional effects of the crime. The victim impact statement is intended to give crime victims a voice in the criminal justice process. It allows them to participate in the sentencing of an offender by explaining to the court, and the offender, how the crime has affected them.  [8]   A victim impact statement is not a mandatory requirement, however, once made; the Court shall mandatorily take the statement into consideration in making the decision.  [9]   2000s The year 2000 was a remarkable year for Restorative Justice, the Catholic Church endorsed restorative justice practices. They commended that restorative justice focuses on the victim and community first, unlike the dominant model, which asserts the hurt and loss of the victims, and maintain that offenders come to terms with their actions. Because the offenders and the offending party are face to face, it offers the victim a better sense of peace and accountability, the Church said.  [10]   Another triumph was the adoption of the resolution encouraging countries to use a document providing guidelines for the implementation of restorative justice, by the United Nations Economic and Social Council.  [11]  This came into existence because of the joint efforts of Canada and Italy proposing to the United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice to cultivate an international guideline to assist countries in espousing restorative justice.  [12]   Little by little, restorative justice principles have been developing in nearly most of the countries, such as Canada, Australia, Japan, Netherlands, Most European Countries, several South American countries and Russia. The Theory of Restorative Justice at present Many authors have attempted to define restorative justice, to have one standard meaning. However, there has been no standard definition as of yet. Howard Zehr defines restorative justice as restorative justice is a process to involve, to the extent possible, those who have a stake in a specific offense and to collectively identify and address harms, needs, and obligations, in order to heal and put things as right as possible.  [13]  When the attempt to get a consensus for a working definition of restorative justice could not be attained, the working party on Restorative and Justice, decided to adopt Tony Marshall definition. He defines it as: Restorative justice is a process whereby all the parties with a stake in a particular offence come together to resolve collectively how to deal with the aftermath of the offence and its implications for the future.  [14]   Marshalls definition focuses on the process and interpersonal relation between the offender and the offended party. Restorative Justice is focused on the offender, offended party and community members. The core values are: the offender must apologize or shamed and reintegrated, the offended party, harm and chance for forgiveness and lastly, community and relationships.  [15]   Under this principle, it is pertinent for the offender to tacitly acknowledge that he committed an offense, showing that he accepts responsibility for the outcome of his wrong action and recognizing the injury undergone by the offended party.  [16]  Such apology, may be done orally or in written form. After this, it must be figured out how he can get back on track, which will be dealt with by the individualized treatment of the offender. Next step is for the offended party to assess the harm done and create an action plan on how to mend the injury.  [17]  The offended party must likewise accept the apology of the offender. The focus on the community pertains to the forging new relationships and repair broken relations.  [18]   Restorative Justices emphasis lie on repairing the injury caused by the crime, which is understood as a violation of relationships and therefore disrupts peace in the community.  [19]  It is collaborative and inclusive, and crime is not merely an offense against the state. It is inclusive because it allows the participation of offended party, offender and the community, the three parties who have the most interest in the reparation of the offense. It is collaborative because it is through the efforts of the interested parties which the solution is based from. Respect for human dignity is the main basis of the restorative principles. The Canadians, one of countries which adhere to restorative justice, speaking through its Ministry of Justice said: Priority is given to addressing the human needs of participants and empowering them to communicate their thoughts and feelings in an open and honest way. The goal is to build understanding, to encourage accountability and to provide an opportunity for healing. A restorative justice process encourages the offended to take responsibility for their harmful behaviour in a meaningful way, to gain insight into the causes and effects of that behaviour on others, to change that behaviour and to be accepted back into the community. The process gives the victim a forum to ask questions, receive answers, gain understanding, explain the impact of the crime on them and contribute to the outcome of the process. The process may result in the victim receiving an apology, restitution, services or some other form of reparation. It creates a safe environment in which the victim can seek closure. Restorative justice processes have the potential to provide the community with an opportunity to articulate its values and expectations, to understand the underlying causes of crime and to determine what can be done to repair the damage caused. In doing so, it could contribute to community wellbeing and potentially reduce future crimes.  [20]   Purpose Under the principle of restorative justice, crime is a violation of relationships between persons. In order to achieve justice the offended party, offender and community members must participate in putting things right.  [21]   Focal Point Unlike in retribution, wherein the main point in the imposition of penalty is giving the offender what he deserves restorative justice deal with the correction or the rehabilitation of the offender so that his future conducts will be law abiding. Rehabilitation supporters believe that sanctions must be used as a chance to make a positive change on the offender.  [22]   Rehabilitation literally means to restore in good condition. The objective of restorative justice is to help the offenders so that they can re-enter society as useful citizens, or at the very least, no longer dangerous. It also aims to decrease the crimes, albeit in a very different manner. What restorative justice seeks to achieve is not only to correct the offender, but also to change the need or desire to commit crimes.  [23]   Pitfalls Restorative Justice as a penal philosophy is not without criticisms and limitations. A study conducted in Africa on 2001, made the following observations: First, The principle of the model inevitably rests on the cooperation of the parties concerned. If the offender, for instance, refuses to accept responsibility for the crime and to fulfil his or her obligations to the victim and the community, there can be no talk of restorative justice. Second, A certain level of competence and the availability of infrastructure, such as a trained mediator, a reprerequisites for community participation in restorative justice programmes. However, the skills and resources are not always available. Third, In modern society, community bonds are not always so strong and aspects like the privacy of the individual and autonomy are strongly emphasised. A significant shift to community participation and involvement in restorative justice programmes will necessarily put a high premium on community education and the development of community sources. Fourth, Any existing social injustices in and between communities could have a negative influence on the implementation of restorative justice. Social division can prejudice the cooperation of parties in the criminal justice process. Fifth, Some people are of the opinion that restorative justice is a soft option for the offender. Sixth, A perception that restorative justice only applies in the case of juveniles and minor offences is quite common.  [24]   Another issue concerning Restorative justice is sentence inequality. Since, it is originally designed to address specific needs of the individual offender, the sentence meted differs on the determination of ones progress through rehabilitation.  [25]  The idea of restorative justice is to develop an individualized treatment plan an impose an indeterminate sentence, the length of which will be determined on the offenders progress. Arising from these individualized treatment and indeterminate sentence, is human fallibility. Since human nature cannot be predicted with absolute precision, some were released before they were actually ready.  [26]   One other problem that restorative justice faces is that given its long-term nature, offenders must experience incarceration in order to receive the necessary treatment for rehabilitation.  [27]   Retributive Justice principles in the Philippines current legal framework Revised Penal Code Although majority of the Revised Penal Codes provisions are considered to follow the classical approach, which follows the postulate that retribution is the main justification of punishment, the positivist theory is also used in some of the provisions. Such principle is apparent in the provisions of impossible crime and mitigating circumstances. Impossible Crimes The Code penalizes impossible crimes, to wit: Article 4.  Criminal liability.   Criminal liability shall be incurred: 1. By any person committing a felony  (delito)  although the wrongful act done be different from that which he intended. 2. By any person performing an act which would be an offense against persons or property, were it not for the inherent impossibility of its accomplishment or on account of the employment of inadequate or ineffectual means.  [28]  (emphasis ours) The term impossible crime is actually a misnomer because no crime was actually committed, due the inherent impossibility of its accomplishment or inadequacy and inefficiency of the methodology used. However, it is subject to a penal sanction because its commission is indicative of the criminal propensity of actor, as per the positivist theory is concerned. Also, he law punishes it because objectively the offender did not commit a crime, but subjectively he did.  [29]  t was inherently impossible to accomplish or due to inadequate or ineffectual means. Circumstances affecting criminal liability: Mitigating Circumstances Mitigating Circumstances are those which, if present in the commission of the crime, do not entirely free the actor from criminal liability, but serve only to reduce the penalty.  [30]  The following are the mitigating circumstances under the Code: Article 13.  Mitigating circumstances.   The following are mitigating circumstances: 1. Those mentioned in the preceding chapter, when all the requisites necessary to justify the act or to exempt from criminal liability in the respective cases are not attendant. 2. That the offender is under eighteen years of age or over seventy years. In the case of the minor, he shall be proceeded against in accordance with the provisions of article 80. 3. That the offender had no intention to commit so grave a wrong as that committed. 4. That sufficient provocation or threat on the part of the offended party immediately preceded the act. 5. That the act was committed in the immediate vindication of a grave offense to the one committing the felony (delito) his spouse, ascendants, descendants, legitimate, natural or adopted brothers or sisters or relatives by affinity within the same degrees. 6. That of having acted upon an impulse so powerful as naturally to have produced passion or obfuscation. 7. That the offender had voluntarily surrendered himself to a person in authority or his agents, or that he had voluntarily confessed his guilt before the court prior to the presentation of the evidence for the prosecution. 8. That the offender is deaf and dumb, blind or otherwise suffering some physical defect which thus restricts his means of action, defense, or communication with his fellow beings. 9. Such illness of the offender as would diminish the exercise of the will-power of the offender without however depriving him of consciousness of his acts. 10. And, finally, any other circumstance of a similar nature and analogous to those above mentioned.  [31]   Diminution of freedom, intelligence or the lesser perversity of the actor, is the basis for the mitigation.  [32]  It is in line with the principles and goals of restorative justice because it keeps track of the individuals frame of mind at the time of the commission of the offense. Mitigating Circumstances are classified into two groups: Ordinary and Privileged. Ordinary Mitigating circumstances are those enumerated in Article 13, save for minority, which is now considered privileged mitigating circumstance as a result of the legislation Republic Act no. 9344 or the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act, which lowered the age of criminal responsibility. An ordinary mitigating circumstance has the effect of reducing the penalty a period lower. Privileged mitigating circumstances are those which are enumerated by law as such, and has the effect of reducing the penalty a degree or two lower. The existence of two ordinary circumstances has the effect of a privileged, lowering the penalty by a degree or two. A privileged mitigating circumstance cannot be offset by any circumstance, whereas the ordinary one may be affected. Act No. 4103 or the Indeterminate Sentence Law The Indeterminate Sentence Law was one of the more important innovations introduced by the Americans in our Criminal law. Under this system, offenders were to be sentenced with a an indefinite period and released upon showing of satisfactory progress towards reformation.  [33]  A minimum and maximum range of penalty was determined, and after service of the minimum term and upon determination of the Board of Indeterminate Sentence of the fitness and readiness of the prisoner, reasonable probability that he will not violate the law when released, and compatibility of his release with societys welfare, the prisoner will be released on parole and is therefore allowed to serve the rest of his indeterminate sentence outside of the incarceration facility.  [34]  The following shall not be entitled to the benefits of the Indeterminate Sentence Law: Sec. 2.  This Act shall not apply to persons convicted of offenses punished with death penalty or life-imprisonment; to those convicted of treason, conspiracy or proposal to commit treason; to those convicted of misprision of treason, rebellion, sedition or espionage; to those convicted of piracy; to those who are habitual delinquents; to those who have escaped from confinement or evaded sentence; to those who having been granted conditional pardon by the Chief Executive shall have violated the terms thereof; to those whose maximum term of imprisonment does not exceed one year, not to those already sentenced by final judgment at the time of approval of this Act, except as provided in Section 5 hereof.  [35]   Indeterminate Sentencing have been criticised because of the differential treatment of persons similarly situated as well as the alleged difficulty in rehabilitation of the offender.  [36]   Presidential Decree No. 968 or the Probation Law   Probation is a disposition under which a defendant, after conviction and rendition of sentence, is released subject to conditions imposed by the court and to the supervision of a probation officer.  [37]  Probation has for its purpose: Rehabilitation and reformation of the Offender, and crime deterrence. An application for probation may be filed after conviction, even before the offender commences serving his sentence. If the application for probation is granted, the sentence will be suspended and he will be released under the following conditions: Conditions of Probation.  Every probation order issued by the court shall contain conditions requiring that the probationer shall: (a) present himself to the probation officer designated to undertake his supervision at such place as may be specified in the order within seventy-two hours from receipt of said order; (b) report to the probation officer at least once a month at such time and place as specified by said officer. The court may also require the probationer to: (a) cooperate with a program of supervision; (b) meet his family responsibilities; (c) devote himself to a specific employment and not to change said employment without the prior written approval of the probation officer; (d) undergo medical, psychological or psychiatric examination and treatment and enter and remain in a specified institution, when required for that purpose; (e) pursue a prescribed secular study or vocational training; (f) attend or reside in a facility established for instruction, recreation or residence of persons on probation; (g) refrain from visiting houses of ill-repute; (h) abstain from drinking intoxicating beverages to excess; (i) permit to probation officer or an authorized social worker to visit his home and place or work; (j) reside at premises approved by it and not to change his residence without its prior written approval; or (k) satisfy any other condition related to the rehabilitation of the defendant and not unduly restrictive of his liberty or incompatible with his freedom of conscience.  [38]   If the probationer violates any of the conditions of the release, the Court may issue a warrant for his arrest, and if found guilty, the Court may revoke the probation and subsequently order for his recommitment to serve the remainder of his sentence.  [39]  The benefits of the probation law shall not extend to those: sentenced to serve a maximum term of imprisonment of more than six years; convicted of any offense against the security of the State; who have previously been convicted by final judgment of an offense punished by imprisonment of not less than one month and one day and/or a fine of not less than Two Hundred Pesos; who have been once on probation under the provisions of this Decree; and who are already serving sentence at the time the substantive provisions of this Decree became applicable.  [40]   Republic Act No. 9344 or the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 In compliance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, to which the Philippines is a signatory, the Congress of the Philippines enacted in 2006, the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act was a product of ten years of lobbying. An important provision on the law was the tacit recognition of Restorative Justice as a principle to be adhered to.  [41]  Under the statute, Restorative justice refers to a principle which requires a process of resolving conflicts with the maximum involvement of the victim, the offender and the community. It seeks to obtain reparation for the victim; reconciliation of the offender, the offended and the community; and reassurance to the offender that he/she can be reintegrated into society. It also enhances public safety by activating the offender, the victim and the community in prevention strategies.  [42]   In one study, it had been said that the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act was the most promising piece of legislation in the Philippines concerning Restorative Justice.  [43]  

Journalism Debate Paper Topic: Face book Essay

The word â€Å"media† is often characterized as form of communication, which can be sort as television, television, radio, and newspaper. Its primary purpose is to provide essential information about the latest happening around the community, which will supplement interest of the public as a part of the society. For the longest the important role of media for the people can be cited as the protector of the over all interest of the public with its popular tagline as the watch dog of the society. (Tech Terms) For long period of existence media is a part of the society, which its importance and application had encounter evolution that enhances its power to assist people. In modern time where the ways of living is said to be changing from old to modern the use of media in the society had added its application as a socializing tool to enforce better links for the people. With modern technology allows the media to be a socializing tool for the public via internet social networking. One of the better exemplar of this internet social networking is the facebook, which is design for socialization application in the internet. Although, it can be argued whether the internet enhances or not process of strong community bond. Nevertheless, it is clear that internet makes new possible connection, which provides people a different way of to socialize and be connected by means of social networking sites. (Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication) This paper will explore the facts about the importance and role of media in the society as socializing tool, which has the profound ability to bring the people together and improve the socializing process of the people by means of internet media social networking like the facebook. Therefore, this paper will determine media as a primary source of information in the society as a major contributor to improve the socializing process of the society. Furthermore, this paper will establish social networking is unifying force in our society, brings us together through internet social networking. I Argue that media’s internet social networking is effective as a unifying force for the society in which brings together the people. With its full potential to make a link to people from different countries all over the world, media as social networking is definitely a unifying force, which has the ability to unite the society and the people globally. Also, I argue that social networking does not distract the moral value of socializing and its importance in the community. Rather social networking is tool that provides an accessible way to socialize people online, which can lead to personal socialization depends exchange of information. Media’s social networking is tool in which people can use to socialize without any discrimination on races and culture as person the person is familiar with computer operating procedure is concern social networking is accessible for everyone. I argue that social networking will be classified as a distraction to the real duties of civic life – because it has its own characteristics of society as the online community, which online base community where group of people with same goals and interests exchange information using web tools. (Web Strategist) Therefore, social networking does not distract community socializing in real life rather it broadens the process socializing to unify people together and be connected globally. In present time, countries from all around the globe are now globally connected By means of modern technology the internet, with this international relation of people is achievable by means of internet connection under the social networking or better known as the online community. Social networking or online community is a socializing tool in which the act of socializing is based online. Social networking was designed to provide the people an easy way to socialize with the use of online internet. Therefore, people from all around the world were able to get friend and meet other people from other countries in different races. The â€Å"facebook† is a perfect model of an effective social networking site. As a social networking site, face book was designed by a by two sophomore student in Harvard University namely Mark Zuckerberg and Chris Hughes in February 2004. One year after its groundwork in 2004, facebook already gather 12. million users from 2,000 colleges and universities (Ncaa. org). As a social networking site facebook is more popular among students from college and high school. At present time facebook site now have more than 70 million active users from the – Untied States, United Kingdom and from countries around the world. Facebook is now the 2nd most-trafficked social media site in the world with More than 65 billion page views per month (Facebook). The Data shows that face book is an effective social networking, which the people are using it socialize. Just like any other social networking sites, facebook offers its user to socialize globally in able to meet new people as sign of socializing. Also, the site of facebook is characterized as an online community in which its users are from all around the world. Facebook data show that 45 percent of users return to the site each day and More than 6 million active user groups on the site. Aside from socializing the applications of facebook are used by its user as a site where they can share their photo in which more than 14 million photos uploaded daily in the site. Nevertheless, the most important fact about facebook is that people spend an average of 25 minutes only on the site daily. With these facts about the user’s statistics of facebook, it is clear to say that facebook as media social networking does not take away the essence of civic socializing rather it improves and broaden the social capabilities of the community. With the fact that people uses facebook as an alternative connection to – socialize, gather and share information, it is clear that media social networking sites are made to unite the people. Furthermore, statistics shows that people spend an average of 25 minutes only on the site daily is a clear indication that social networking does not distract the real duties of civic life instead provides the people better way to socialize. In the end, it is determined that media serves as a unifying force in the community in which it brings the people together. Media as social networking tool does not distract the essence of civic socializing instead it improves the way people socialize by means of social networking sites. Facebook as a social networking is site that does not distract or take away the real duties of civic life in terms of socializing instead it enhances the process of socializing, which brings the people together. Works Cited Tech Terms (2008), Definition of Media: TechTerms. com: Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. techterms. com/definition/media Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (2007) The Benefits of Face book â€Å"Friends:† Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites: Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://jcmc. indiana. edu/vol12/issue4/ellison. html Web Strategist (n. d) Defining the Term â€Å"Online Community†: Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. web-strategist. com/blog/2007/12/28/defining-the-term-community/ NCAA. org (n,d), Cyber Communities: Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. ncaa. org/sportsmanship/social_networking_ppt. pdf Facebook (2008) Press Room: Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. facebook. com/press/info. php? statistics

Continuum: Poetry Essay

Continuum: anything that goes through a gradual transition from one condition to a diffrerent condition, without any abrupt changes or discontinuities In this poem, Curnow explains the hardness of poem. He is waiting for inspiration for his poem and he is bored about thid and wants to sleep. He explains that writing a poem is an endless cycle. He personifies moon as a symbol for himself which creates a restless mood. The poet can not rest until he finished his poem. â€Å"I am talking about myself† this sentence suggests the reader that the poet is lonely and isolated. His source for inspiration is nature in this poem and he sais â€Å"Better bare-foot it out the front† because he wants to connect directly with the nature. He can not concentrate anything because of his restless mood. â€Å"washed-out creation† and â€Å"dark-place† imageries suggest that he wants to find sth unique. â€Å"A long moment stretches, the next one is not on time. † this sentence means that the poet doesn’t notice the time had gone. Curnow used â€Å"(query)† because he want to explain his sense of questioning. The â€Å"cringing demiurge† is the creative side of the persona and he is in an inner-conflict because one side of him wants to sleep the other one wants to write a poem. At last stanza, we are not sure but we understand that he found sth like inspiration and he turns to his bed, stealthily in step. Curnow’s punctuation suggests that he is lack of control. His commas shows that he is jumping from thought to thought. Curnow’s enjambment rambling poet’s own thoughts. The poem’s structure is also explains the theme and title of th poem, â€Å"Continuum†. The poem is also composed of very long stanzas which explains the confused mind of the speaker. Allen Curnow’s â€Å"Continuum† is a poem on the continuity of poetic inspiration. The poetic source of stimulation of great poets since ages has been the landscape. The moon has been a persistent metaphor for poetic inspiration in celebrated poems like Samuel Coleridge’s â€Å"Dejection: An Ode. The poet’s quality of being a satirist is prominent here. He first asserts that the moon rolls over the roof, and falls back. This is to imply that his poetic capabilities are sinking. Subsequently, he goes on to substantiate that the moon does neither of these things, he is talking about himself. When poets generally do falter in poetic output or due to lack of inspiration, they tend to blame the external circumstances. However, Here Allen Curnow asserts that the poet himself is to be blamed; for, Poetic inspiration comes from within and not from outside. Being sleepless is not an excuse for writing a poem. Sleeplessness does not necessarily allow one to ruminate over a subject, or planet or subjective thoughts. The condition of insomnia can also be dodged conveniently by walking barefoot on the front. The speakeris then visualized as an onlooker of nature. As he stands at the porch he beholds an objective view of himself, as he discerns â€Å"across the privets/and the palms a †washed out creation†. This portion is a dark space. The poet moves to his satiric tone yet again. This dark space contains two particular clouds, one was supposed to be a source of inspiration for the poet, and the other for his adversary-the other fellow poet. Bright clouds dusted(query) by the moon, one’s mine The other’s an adversary, which may depend on the wind or something. The clouds seem to dust the moon for the poet in his quest/query for poetic stimulation. Nevertheless as one cloud functions in his favour, the other (cloud) poses as an adversary that may shadow the cloud, accompanied by the wind. Poetic brainwave or competence must not mar the other’s inspiration, for each poet has his individualistic insight that springs from within and does depend on external features. Creative Inspiration The poet gets the feeling that he has overcome his writer’s block. As creativity begins in impulses, there are gaps. The next gap is a long one, and obviously the next poetic impulse is not on time. Corresponding to the inner lack of productivity, the feet outside lack warmth as the chill of the planking underfoot rises. As the poet cringes for poetic output based on external inspiration, the night sky seems to empty all it contents down, as in an action of excreting or vomiting. The speaker then turns on his bare heel and closes the door signaling the end of his creative endeavour. This is He, the objective Author, feeding on this litter of the scenic sky and employing his poetic tools in the process. Therefore, he is aptly the cringing demiurge. â€Å"The demiurge is a concept from the Platonic, Middle Platonic, and Neoplatonic schools ofphilosophy for an artisan-like figure responsible for the fashioning and maintenance of thephysical universe. Although a fashioner, the demiurge is not quite the creator figure in the familiar monistic sense; both the demiurge itself and the material from which the demiurge fashions the universe are the product of some other being. † (Wikipedia) The poet Allen Curnow asserts that he neither is he original, nor his poetic source of insight. This is because the motivating stimuli did not spring from Him. It is objective, when it should be rather subjective. {Continuum * Allen Curnow} In the poem Continuum by Allen Curnow, he tells us about his lack of inspiration or his lack to â€Å"create†. The theme of the poem revolves around poetic inspiration, and how he is unable to get that inspiration. He uses a variety of literary devices to portray this. The title, â€Å"Continuum†, shows us that the problem he talks about, his lack of inspiration is never ending and is continuing all the time. The first stanza shows us Curnow’s unstable thoughts; â€Å"the roof falls behind†, as he is unable to compose poetry he is in a sense of rolling and falling all over the place. In the first line, the word â€Å"moon† is used as a metaphor, as a symbol for himself. As the moon is unable to shine on its own, as it depends on the sun, just like that Curnow depends on his writing to keep him going in life. The first stanza also tells you about the setting and time of the poem which is at night. The poem has no rhyme scheme, this tells us that the poet is finding it difficult to express his thoughts, and he cannot tap into the world of imagination. The last line of the first stanza; â€Å"I am talking about myself. † Also shows his frustration. In the next stanza, Curnow is seeking connection with nature to find poetic inspiration. The line, â€Å"It’s not possible to get off to sleep†, tells us that the poet is unable to sleep which shows that something is troubling him. Curnow goes out â€Å"barefoot†, to rid himself of the human material and wants to connect with nature. He stands in the porch looking at the moon and the clouds, not really conscious of either the time or the chill that he starts to feel. Curnow eventually goes back to bed having written this poem. He writes about himself as another person or thing – He says he is the moon; in the last stanza he writes as if he is describing what he did to the â€Å"the author†. Curnow walks â€Å"stealthily in step† as if half of him is afraid of what is happening to him. Summary: The author writes about his inability to sleep due to his inability to come up with material to write about (most likely a poem, could be another form of text). He therefore gets up in the dead of night when everyone is asleep and experiences a surreal world as his reality and dreams blend together in one beautiful work of poetry. It is ironic however, that when he finds nothing to write about, he writes about his inability to write.

Education reality Essays

Education reality Essays Education reality Essay Education reality Essay Dealism Idealism is the metaphysical and epistemic philosophy that thoughts or ideas make up cardinal world. Essen? ally. it is any doctrine which argues that the lone thing really cognizable is consciousness ( or the contents of consciousness ) . whereas we neer can be certain that mom? Er or anything in the outside universe truly exists. Therefore. the lone existent things are mental en? ? Es. non physical things ( which exist merely in the sense that they are perceived ) Progressivism Progressivist believes that individualism. advancement. and alteration are cardinal to one’s educa? on. Believing that people learn best from what they consider most relevant to their lives. progressivist centres their course of study on the demands. experiences. involvements. and abili? Es of pupils. Progressivist instructors try doing school interes? nanogram and utile by be aftering lessons that provoke wonder. In a progressivist school. pupils are ac? vely larning. The pupils interact with one another and develop societal quali? Es such as coopera? on and tolerance for di A ; erent points of position. Essen? alism It is an educa? onal doctrine whose disciples believe that kids should larn the tradi? onal basic topics exhaustively and strictly. In this philosophical school of idea. the purpose is to ins? ll pupils with the essen? als of academic cognition. enac? ng a back-to-basics attack. Essen? alism ensures that the accrued wisdom of our civiliza? on as taught in the tradi? onal academic subjects is passed on from instructor to pupil. Such subjects might include Reading. Wri? nanogram. Literature. Foreign Languages. History. Mathema? Cs. Science. Art. and Music. Furthermore. this tradi? onal attack is meant to develop the head. advance concluding. and guarantee a common civilization. Realism Realism. at its simplest and most general. is the position that nut? ? Es of a certain type have an objec? ve world. a world that is wholly ontologically independent of our conceptual strategies. linguis? c prac? Ces. beliefs. etc. Therefore. en? ? Es ( including abstract constructs and universals every bit good as more concrete objects ) have an being independent of the act of percep? on. and independent of their names. Reconstruc? onism Social Reconstruc? onism is a doctrine that emphasizes the addressing of societal ques? ons and a pursuit to make a be? er society and worldwide democracy. Reconstruc? onist pedagogues focus on a course of study that highlights societal reform as the purpose of educa? on. Existen? alism It is based on the position that worlds de3ne their ain significance in life. and seek to do Ra? onal determinations despite exis? nanogram in an irra? onal existence. It focuses on the ques? on of human being. and the feeling that there is no intent or explana? on at the nucleus of being. It holds that. as there is no God or any other surpassing force. the lone manner to counter this void ( and therefore to 3nd significance in life ) is by encompassing being. Pragma? samarium Pragma? samarium is a rejec? on of the thought that the func? on of idea is to depict. represent. or mirror world. Alternatively. pragma? sts consider thought to be a merchandise of the interac? on between being and environment. Therefore. the func? on of idea is as an instrument or tool for predic? on. Ac? on. and job resolution. Pragma? sts contend that most philosophical topics- such as the nature of cognition. linguistic communication. constructs. significance. belief. and science- are all best viewed in footings of their prac? cal utilizations and successes instead than in footings of representa? ve truth Perennialism Believe that one should learn the things that one deems to be of everlas? ng per? nence to all people everyplace. They believe that the most of import subjects develop a individual. Since inside informations of fact alteration invariably. these can non be the most of import. Therefore. one should learn rules. non facts. Since people are human. one should learn 3rst about worlds. non machines or techniques. Since people are people 3rst. and workers 2nd if at all. one should learn broad subjects 3rst. non voca? onal subjects.

The Flow of Life essays

The Flow of Life essays Imagine a young girl is injured in a car accident and her mother dies instantly. The young girl is still alive but she needs to have a blood transfusion within minutes in order to save her life. The only problem is that the nearest hospital does not have enough blood reserves and the next closest hospital is too far away. This situation may sound farfetched but it could actually happen to anybody. According to Carolyn Gard, a writer for Current Health 2, ninety-seven percent of the people in the United States will receive blood at some point in their lives (Gard 28). A serious problem that Americans face today is the shortage of a reserve blood supply for emergency situations. Unfortunately, fewer than 5 percent of people who are eligible to donate blood actually take the time to do it (Feiman 17). People have many common misconceptions which lead them to refuse donating blood. Many people do not believe that their donation will make a difference. Also, many believe that donating blood carries certain risks, such as contracting AIDS and other diseases. Others are scared that the procedure of donating blood is painful. People who are eligible to donate blood should do so because the process is risk free, virtually painless and can help save lives. Eligibility differs from state to state, but most states allow you to donate blood if you are 18 years of age or older and weigh at least 105 pounds (Dinsmoor 23). One of the misconceptions that keeps those who are eligible from donating is the belief that their donation is not important. This misconception is very untrue. For instance, students at Calhoun High School in Merrick, New York, turned their gym into a blood donating center. The students collected 100 pints of blood which can be used to save as many as 500 lives (Feiman 17). Each person who is eligible to donate blood has the opportunity to make a big difference and save lives. Another ...

Chocolate's Bittersweet Economy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chocolate's Bittersweet Economy - Case Study Example Within international perspectives wherein trans-national organizations are at work, the situation may become more difficult as not directly controlling the stakes in various countries or rather at various steps of supply chain absolve most of the international organizations from their true responsibilities and accountabilities. This case study discusses some of the issues and concerns at child labor and how different stakeholders including large international importers of cocoa from Ivory Coast. The relative ethical considerations of each stakeholder and how they are contributing towards achieving the intended objectives of reducing or rather abolishing child labor from Cocoa fields is also discussed at great length. Issues discussed in the case study are diversified in nature and focus on multiple issues to provide a comprehensive understanding of the ethical issues surrounding the cocoa trade in Ivory Coast. Every government has the responsibility and moral obligation to provide basic necessities including clean water, health, education as well as safety of its citizens. The moral obligations of the government therefore require that it must act in a way which can ensure that every citizen has the access to basic and fundamental necessities. Government is a stakeholder in this case because it has to ensure that the children working in the forms are getting proper education as well as access to health. Further, government is also obliged to act on the international legislations barring child labor into the cocoa fields. It is also obligatory for the government to ensure that the taxes that it collects from the cocoa producers are spent on the development of physical infrastructure as well as other facilities such as building schools so that children can go to school besides a general improvement in the standards of living happens. Local suppliers serve as the middle men in this whole cycle and they are the entities which basically coordinate with the

Business writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business writing - Essay Example This will impel the reader to read the manuscript. Additionally, short paragraph helps writers in organizing their work. The writers put their ideas in the form of short, unambiguous paragraphs. This also assists the reader in understanding the writer’s message, as it alleviates confusion (Scarry and Scarry 318). Besides, brief paragraphs depict precision. This shows that the writer clearly understands the topic he or she is handling. This in turn motivates the reader into reading the material, thereby enhancing the intended communication. While reading emails, one makes various conclusions, even before reading the text. Long emails seem uninteresting. As such, one feels that he or she will waste time in trying to understand the text. As a result, one reads the first few lines and loses interest. Long paragraphs also seem to contain many ideas (Scarry and Scarry 320). Moreover, long paragraphs show the disorganized nature of the writer. This makes one to draw uncomplimentary conclusions about the writer. As such, many readers will not go over such text. This will hinder communication, and the writer will not pass the intended message. Large paragraphs also depict irrelevancy. Writing emails with large paragraphs offers the reader the intuition that the writer has focused on numerous extraneous issues. Moreover, the reader will take time while unraveling the main